Like Faraday centuries before, Buehler and Milazzo started with a simple experiment involving a single candle flame. ![]() If we could hear them, what would they sound like? Can we materialize fire? Can we push the envelope to generate bio-inspired materials that you could actually feel and touch from that?" However, "Fire has all the elements of a vibrating string or vibrating molecule but in a dynamic pattern that's interesting. "Flames, of course, are silent," he said during a press conference. And in 2020, Buehler's team applied the same approach to model the vibrational properties of the spike protein responsible for the high contagion rate of the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2).īuehler pondered whether this approach could be expanded enough to study fire. ![]() The aim was to learn to create similar synthetic spiderwebs and other structures that mimic the spider's process. In 2019, Buehler's team developed an even more advanced system of making music out of a protein structure-and then converting the music back to create novel proteins not seen in nature. Combine those notes in various patterns in the web's 3D structure, and you can generate melodies. Artist Tomas Saraceno worked with MIT engineers to create an interactive harp-like instrument inspired by the web of a Cyrtophora citricola spider, with each strand in the "web" tuned to a different pitch. That work inspired a sonification art exhibit, "Spider's Canvas," in Paris in 2018. ![]() The hope was to establish a radical new way to create designer proteins. Several years ago, Buehler led a team of MIT scientists that mapped the molecular structure of proteins in spider silk threads onto musical theory to produce the "sound" of silk. Buehler described this and other related work at the American Physical Society meeting last week in Chicago. They then used that single flame as a basic building block, creating "music" out of its flickering dynamics and designing novel structures that could be 3D-printed into physical objects. Markus Buehler and his postdoc, Mario Milazzo, combined high-resolution imaging with deep machine learning to sonify a single candle flame. Now, MIT researchers have brought Faraday's simple experiment into the 21st century. It consists of a multitude of different shapes, succeeding each other so fast that the eye is only able to take cognizance of them all at once." Never is a body of flame, like that which you just saw rising from the ball, of the shape it appears to you. "A flame of that shape is never so at any one time. "You must not imagine, because you see these tongues all at once, that the flame is of this particular shape," Faraday observed. ![]() Faraday illustrated his points with a simple experiment: He placed a candle inside a lampglass in order to block out any breezes and achieve "a quiet flame." Faraday then showed how the flame's shape flickered and changed in response to perturbations. One of his most famous Christmas lectures concerned the chemical history of a candle. His annual Christmas lectures at the Royal Institution evolved into a holiday tradition that continues to this day. The 19th-century physicist Michael Faraday was known not only for his seminal experimental contributions to electromagnetism but also for his public speaking. The research uses deep-learning approaches that extract the vibrational features of flames as flickering objects and renders them into sounds and materials. New research from MIT explores fire from a whole series of new perspectives.
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